Basic Terms of Fetal Heart Rate and Contraction Patterns
Pathophysiology
FHR patterns reflect fetal oxygenation, autonomic balance, and response to uterine activity. Contraction patterns influence uteroplacental perfusion and therefore fetal status.
Nursing Assessment
- Identify baseline, variability, accelerations, and deceleration type.
- Differentiate reassuring versus concerning patterns (tachycardia, bradycardia, prolonged/late/variable decelerations).
- Interpret uterine pattern: frequency, duration, intensity, and resting tone.
- Correlate pattern changes with maternal condition and stage of labor.
Nursing Interventions
- Initiate prompt pattern-based reassessment and escalation for nonreassuring changes.
- Document standardized interpretation and response plan.
- Communicate findings clearly to team and patient/family.