Enteral Nutrition Support
Key Points
- Enteral nutrition is preferred when the GI tract is functional but oral intake is unsafe or insufficient.
- Common routes include NG/OG (short term) and PEG/PEJ (longer term).
- Safe care requires route verification, aspiration-prevention measures, and ongoing tolerance monitoring.
Pathophysiology
Enteral feeding provides nutrients through the digestive tract, preserving gut integrity and physiologic nutrient handling. It is indicated when swallowing or oral intake is compromised but digestion/absorption remain adequate.
Classification
- Short-term access: NG or OG tube routes.
- Long-term access: PEG or PEJ routes.
- Delivery pattern: Continuous, intermittent, or bolus administration per care plan.
Nursing Assessment
- Assess feeding indication, GI function, aspiration risk, and current nutrition status.
- Assess tube position verification status and access-site integrity.
- Assess tolerance cues: abdominal distension, nausea/vomiting, stool changes, and hydration pattern.
Nursing Interventions
- Verify route and formula orders before each administration.
- Follow tube-placement confirmation and flush protocols per policy.
- Elevate head of bed during and after feeds as ordered to reduce aspiration risk.
- Monitor intake/output, weight trend, and complications; escalate promptly when abnormal.